Anek guno se sampan hai awla. Iske falo me Vitamin C aur Calcium, Phosphorous, Potasium ki acchi matra payi jaati hai. Awla ke fal se Murabba, Squash, Aachar, Candy, Juice, jam, oil, dawa aur bhi bahut si cheeze banti hai. Iss Blog me hum aapko batayenge ke Awla Ki Kheti Ka Asaan Aur Sahi Tarika kya hai.
Awla Ki Kheti Ka Asaan Aur Sahi Tarika neeche blog me achche se likha hua hai
Mausam Aur Sahi Bhumi Ka Chayan
Waise to awla ek Uposhna Jalwayu ka ped hai magar ye Ushna Jalwayu me bhi achchi tarah falta aur fulta hai. Shuska jagaho pe iski sichai dwara bagwaani ho sakti hai. Iski kheti ke liye Gehri, upjau , balui domat se chikni mitti. Jisme paani nikalne ki suwidha ho jada acchi rehti hai.
Sukhe jagah ke mausam me lagbhag February ya March me iski pattiya jhad jaati hai, aur kuch dino tak Awla ka ped bina patto ke hota hai. March se fir phul aur phal nikalna shuru hota hai aur ye April mahine ke aakhir tak chalti hai.
Awla ke prakar (Types)
Awla ki 3 main kisme hoti hai.
- Banarsi
- Chekaiya
- Francis
Inhi main 3 kismo se aur bhi nayi kismo ko vikas kiya gaya hai.
- Krishna
- Kanchan
- N.A.6
- N.A.7
- N.A.9
- N.A.10
Ab hum aapko batate hai ke in kismo ki vishestaye kya hai.
Banarsi:
Iss type ka awla bahut juldi pak jaata hai. Iska phal (Fruit) bada hota hai. Iske phal bahut juldi girte hai aur isme phalan bahut kam hota hai.
Kanchan (N.A.4)
Ye kism Chakaiya se chayanit karke nikali gayi hai jo madhye awdhi ki kisam hai. Mada pushpo ki sankhaya 4.7 pratishat, Madhyam aakar ke phal, gol, halke peele rang ke aur adhik guda yukt hote hai. Guda resha yukt hone ke karan yah prajati guda nikalne hetu aur anye utpaad banane hetu audhyogik ikayiyo dwara adhik pasand ki jaati hai. November se december tak me isme sahi tarike se phal aate hai.
Krishna (N.A.5)
Ye waali type Banarsi kism se chayanit karke nikali gayi hai. Yeh ek ageti kism hai aur iske phal bade aakar ke, upar se tikone, satah chikni , safed hari se halki si peeli (Yellow) hoti hai. Phal ka Guda halke gulabi rang ka kam Resha Yukt aur bahut Kasaila hota hai. Phal Madhyam Bhandaran chchamta waale hote hai. Iss waali type me adhik Mada Pushpo ke kaaran iski utpadan chchamta adhik hoti hai. Iske phal October se November tak Pakte hai. Is Kism ke phal Murabba, Candy aur Juice banane ki liye jada use kiye jaate hai.
Narendra Awla- 6 (N.A.6)
Yeh kism chakaiya kism se chayanit karke nikali gayi hai, joki madhyam awdhi kism hai. Is kism ke pedo ka failao adhik, phalo ka aakar madhyam se bada, gol, satah ckini, hari peeli chamakdaar aur aakarshak hoti hai. Guda lagbhag resha rahit aewam mulayam hota hai. Iske phal madhye November se madhye December tak pakte hai.
Narendra Awla- 7 (N.A.7)
Yeh Francis (Hathijhool) ke Bizu paudhe se chayanit ek madhye awdhi ki kism hai. Yeh niyamit aur adkih phalne waali hoti hai. Isme mada pushpo ki sankhya 9.7 tatha phal pakne ka samay madhye November se madhye December tak hota hai. Phal madhyam se bade aakar ke hote hai, upar se tikone, satah chikni, halke neele rang ke hote hai. Gude me reshe ki matra N.A.6 prakar ke awla se thodi adhik hoti hai. Jada phal hone se aksar iski shakhaye tuut jaati hai. Ye prakar ka Awla Rajasthan, Bihar, Madhye Pradesh aur Tamil Nadu me jada ugayi jaati hai.
Narendra Awla -10 (N.A.10)
Yeh Banarsi kism ke biju paudhe se chayanit ek adhik phal dene waali kism hai. Iske phal dekhne me aakarshak, madhyam bade aakar ke, chapte gol, satah kam chikni, halke peele rang waali, gulabi pan liye hoti hai. Phalo ka Guda halka hara (Green) hota hai aur isme reshe ki matra adhik hoti hai.
Awla Ke Paudhe Lagane Ka Sahi Tarika
Ek baar Awla ka ped lag jaane ke baad kam se kam 30 se 40 saal tak phal dete rehte hai. Isiliye chuni gayi kismo ke chasma chadhe hue paudho ko kisi pramanit Lab ya dukaan se hi lena chahiye.
May ke mahine me 7 x 7 meter ki duuri rakhte hue 1 dhan meter aakar ke ghadde khod kar kuch din khula chodne ke baad 15 se 20 kilo gram gobar ki prayapt khad prati ghadda khet ki mitti aur 20 gram Fipronil 0.03 percent danedaar churn ko mila kar bhade. Inme paani dekar mitti ko jamne de aur ek barish hone tak ka intezaar kare. July me iss prakar ke ghaddo me paudhe laga sakte hai. Fir unko niyamit taur se paani dete rahe.
Shuruaat me kya kare
Shuru ke 3-4 saal paudho ko vikaas hone me lag jaate hai aur inme phal nahi hote. isiliye inke beech ki jagah ka pura upyog Kharif me Dalhani Fasle jaise ki Gwar, Mung, Modh aur Rabi me Matar, Baigan ityaadi laga kar karni chahiye.
Sichai
Sichai bhumi, mitti aur mausam pe nirbhar karti hai. Shusk jagaho pe balui mitti pai jaati hai isiliye thoda paani baar baar dena padta hai. Agar barish sahi se ho toa July se September mahine tak Sichai ki zarurat nahi padti hai. Lekin iske baad December tak har 15 din ke beech me Sichai zaruri hoti hai. March se June tak har hafte iski Sichai honi chahiye. Neeche diye gaye photo me ek chart hai jo ki batayega ke Paudhe ke aayu (Age) ke hisaab se kab aur kitna Sichai karna chahiye.
Khaad
Awla me aamtaur pe neeche diye gaye chart ke anusaar Khad aur Urwarko ka prayog karna chahiye
Gobar ki khad aur Super Phosphate ki khaad ki puri matra saath me Murate of Potash aur Urea ki aadhi matra March- April me daale. Baaki bachi hui Urea aur Murate of Potash phal lagne ke baad August – September me de. Boron tatwa ki kami ki wajah se phalo ke gunwanta me kami aa sakti hai, isiliye September se October mahine me 0.6 percent Borex ka 2-3 chidkao 10 se 15 din ke gap me karna chahiye. Isse phalo ka vikaas achcha hota hai aur phal kam girte hai.
Awla Ki Kheti ka Katai aur chatai
Awla ki kheti me katai aur chatai ki jada zarurat nahi padti hai. Shuruaati saalo me 2-3 feet ki uchai tak ekal tana rakh kar 5-6 moti shakhaye jo saari dishao me jaa rahi ho ko chod kar baaki shakhaye kaat deni chahiye. Har saal kuch shakhaye sukhti rehti hai, unhe pattiya (Leafs) girne ke baad kaat dena chahiye.
Bimari se bachao
Aisetoa Awla ki kheti me koi bimari nahi hoti hai. Magar kabhi kabhi inme deemak lag jaata hai, joki fasal ko badbaad kar sakta hai. isse bachne ke liye Chlorpierphos naam ki dawa 0.3 percent ghol bana kar paudho ke tano ke charo or ki mitti me samay samy pe milana chahiye.
Awla ke phalo ki tudai aur Paidawaar
Phalo ki paidawaar Awle ke kism par nirbhar karti hai. Ek purn viksit ped se 150 – 200 KG phal mil sakte hai. Lekin shusk jagaho pe paani ki kami ke karan iski paidawaar kam hoti hai.
Phalo ka alag alag karna
Phalo ko alag alag karke bechne pe adhik income hota hai. Phalo ka aakar, rang, size aur pakne ke samay ke anusaar inko alag kiya jaata hai. Bade aakar ke phal ka upyog murabba banane ke liye, Madhyan aakar ke phalo ka upyog aachar,juice ke liye aur chote phalo ka upyog dawai aur aushidhi me use hota hai.
Awla ko Rakhna
Awla ke phalo ko 6-9 dino tak normal room temperature par, 5-7 degree me 15 dino tak rakha jaa sakta hai. Agar 15 percent namak ke ghol me rakha jaye toa ye samanye temperature me 75 dino tak rakhe jaa sakte hai.
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